CI/CD 如何实现自动化部署？

Question

CI/CD 如何实现自动化部署？

仓乃文 · Accepted Answer

CI/CD 自动化部署通过 GitHub Actions（或 GitLab CI）在代码推送时自动执行构建、测试、部署流程。

GitHub Actions 完整示例（前端项目部署到服务器）：
```yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: Deploy to Production

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  build-and-deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 18
          cache: "npm"

- run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint
      - run: npm run test
      - run: npm run build

- name: Deploy via SSH
        uses: appleboy/scp-action@v0.1.7
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}
          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          source: "dist/"
          target: "/var/www/app/"

- name: Restart Service
        uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1.0.3
        with:
          host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }}
          username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }}
          key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          script: |
            cd /var/www/app
            docker compose up -d --build
```

Docker 化部署（更推荐）：
```yaml
- name: Build and Push Docker Image
  run: |
    docker build -t registry.example.com/myapp:${{ github.sha }} .
    docker push registry.example.com/myapp:${{ github.sha }}

- name: Deploy
  run: |
    ssh deploy@server "
      docker pull registry.example.com/myapp:${{ github.sha }} &&
      docker stop myapp || true &&
      docker run -d --name myapp -p 3000:3000 registry.example.com/myapp:${{ github.sha }}
    "
```

补充说明：
- Secrets 存储在 GitHub Settings → Secrets and variables → Actions
- 使用 github.sha 作为镜像 tag 实现版本追溯和回滚
- 生产环境建议用蓝绿部署或滚动更新，避免停机
- 添加 healthcheck 步骤验证部署是否成功